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1 comments about Log of the Union: John Boit's Remarkable Voyage to the Northwest Coast and Around the World, 1794-1796. Ed by Edmund Hayes (136p).

1. Basically, a well annotated primary source, the book: 'LOG OF THE UNION: John Boit's Remarkable Voyage to the Northwest Coast and Around the World 1794-1796' (c.1981) edited by Edmund Hayes; is the sloop's log of a two year circumnavigation by a nineteen year old sea captain during the initial stages of the American republic just after the revolutionary war. The UNION was a 65' 5", 94 ton topsail sloop with a crew of 22, heavily armed with cannon, and was fitted out in Newport, RI for a two year voyage to the fur trade in the Pacific northwest, then to the tea & porcelan market in Canton China, and a return trip to Boston. The development of the maritime fur trade along the northwest coast was one of many incentives for that coast's early exploration in the late 1790s.

   Primarily of interest to the scholar, the LOG OF THE UNION contained no lessons or instruction in ship handling or navigation, but a word-for-word transcription of a fascinating account of a topsail sloop's journey around the globe. The LOG OF THE UNION is of special interest because it documented the first American sloop to sail around the world; and described, in meticulous detail, an extended sea voyage that was undertaken just before then president George Washington signed the naval act of March 1794 which authorized the construction of America's six original frigates (the USS CONSTITUTION; USS CONSTELLATION; USS UNITED STATES; USS CHESAPEAKE; USS CONGRESS; and the USS PRESIDENT).

   The age of captain Boit was not particularly noteworthy in an era where the average lifespan was just twenty-four years old; a nineteen year old merchant sea captain would not have been unusual. British subjects became midshipmen in Her Majesty's Navy at age ten, then became lieutenants at age sixteen. Lord Nelson at age twenty-four was a full captain (equivalent to an Army colonel) of a fifth rate frigate.

   The LOG OF THE UNION documented the typical sailing strategy employed by 18th century sea captains in capturing all the prevailing winds, seasons, and ocean currents during the age of sail. To get to the Pacific northwest, the sloop UNION left Newport in January 1794; sailed across the Atlantic to the Canary Islands; down the coast of Africa to the Cape Verde Islands, then crossed the Atlantic again; sailed down the South American coast to the Falkland Islands. The sloop UNION made the bumpy passage around Cape Horn and steered north to reach the Pacific northwest and then landed on Vancouver Island. After completing her trading business in 1795, she steered for the Hawaiian Islands from the Vancouver Islands. From Hawaii the UNION sailed to Canton China to sell its furs (150 sea otter; 300 beaver; and other land furs), pick up a consignment of tea and porcelan, and to recondition the ship for the trip to Boston, Massachusetts. She departed Canton for Boston in January 1796, down the China sea; through the Strait of Sunda, past the 18th Parallel; south in the Indian Ocean; then sailed directly west to take advantage of the south east trades and the south equatorial current. Upon leaving Mauritius, she passed south of Madagascar, around the Cape of Good Hope; up the west coast of Africa, until she entered the northeast trades which pushed her across the Atlantic to Boston.

   Of special note are all the detailed drawings by artist Hewitt Jackson showing the UNION, stern to, with her sweeps extended, and all of the sail plans and points of sail of captain Boit's ninety four ton topsail sloop. Hewitt Jackson recorded all of the structures and details of the UNION's ground tackle, armament, storage capabilities, long boat, various cross sections of the hull, and of crewman (the 'people') engaged in various duties as briefly described in the captain's log.

   Not only do the excellent drawings by Hewitt Jackson enhance the LOG OF THE UNION, but more importantly are the photostatic copies of the actual pages of the log itself. Captain John Boit had a fine 'round' hand and kept an impeccable record of the two year voyage in copperplate penmanship. The traditional 1794 era handwriting itself would make the LOG OF THE UNION a valuable historical artifact let alone its informational content. There are also copies of John Boit's hand drawn charts of the Falkland Islands complete with soundings.

   To add to the scholarly interest, the editor, Edmund Hayes, saw fit to explain the 18th century grammar found in the log. Throughout the journal is found captain John Boit's use of the familiar 'ye': e.g. log entry Nov. 2nd 1795: "Caulker on ye main-deck.", which is actually a contracted form of 'the' and it is pronounced the same. And 'ye' is an ancient runic letter (known as 'thorn') which designated the 'th' sound in English. (Only the Quakers in America have been known to pronounce 'ye' as 'yee'.)

   The editor included interesting incidental information in subsequent chapters such as the method of keeping the log at sea (p. 135) or the short comings of the 18th century use of tangential arcs when ship builing (p. 129). Similar to other ship journals, the brevity of the UNION log entries is typical of the seagoing profession (where the less said, the better) and captain John Boit's two longest journal entries for the entire voyage are found in photostat on page seventy-one.

   After the completion of his successful two year voyage in 1796, John Boit was still a sea captain when he passed away in 1829. The LOG OF THE UNION is a fascinating account of life at sea during the initial inception of the young American republic. The captain of the sloop UNION, who completed the commercially successful two year trip without a single loss of life, is generally regarded by historians to be one of the outstanding sea captians produced by the early republic and his log is mute testimony to that talent.

   The LOG OF THE UNION is a brilliant document which should be read by both scholar and practical sailor alike. Its only shortcoming is that the editor, Edmund Hayes, should have included much more photostatic copies of the original sloop's log alongside the transcription for readers to learn and compare from captain John Boit's own handwriting itself.

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